Internal-combustion engine



Jan. 30, 1923. V 1,443,719. I

C. S. SCHOTT. V

' INIERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,

FILED o T. 15 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1- -i v NN Jan. 30, 1923. c. s. SCHOTT.

INTERNAL COMB UST|0N ENGINE.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

FILED OCT. 15. I921.

iilan. 30,1923.

c. 3. 8011011. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

4 SHEETSQSHEET a.

- FILED 001.15, i921.'

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

C. S. SCHOTT. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

man OCT. '15. l92l- Jan. 30, 1923.

Patented Jan. 30, 1923.

CALVIN S. SCHOTT, 0F BUCK CREEK, INDIANA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed October 15, 1921. Serial No. 507,851.

and State of Indiana, have invented cer tain new and useful Improvementsin Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is aSpecification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and moreparticularly to four stroke cycle gasoline engines.

One object of the invention is to eliminate, as far as possible, .allgear wheels, using levers and links in preference.

Another object is to provide two pistons in each cylinder, the twinpistons working in synchronism but always in opposite directions.

By constructing the device in this manner, a light and smooth runningengine is produced, which will not readily get out of order and which iseasy to repair.

The engine is particularly well suited for automobiles, as one of itsadvantages is the possibility of changing the stroke length of thepiston while the engine is running and the piston in any position. Thatis to say, the length of the stroke may be changed at any intermediaryposition of the pistons as well as at their'end positions. It is, moreover, possible to obtain an unlimited number of speeds, between thehighest and lowest for which the engine has been constructed, merely bymanipulating a lever and without stopping the engine.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows a front elevation of the engine,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line 22 of Figure 3, V

' Figure 3 is a top plan view,

Figure at is a transverse sectional view on the line 4-4 of Figure 2, a

Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the details,

Figure 6 is a slightly modified form of the adjusting device for thestroke length,

Fi ure 7 is a perspective view of a comhinec hinge and slidingconnection for the rocking lever, and

Figure 8 is a simplified form of the cylinder shown in longitudinalsection.

At the top of a suitable housing 15, the tw n cylinders 16 are rigidlymounted in axial alinement with each other. The cylmders are providedwith a water jacket 17 along their entire length and with a bottom 18situated in the middle. A piston 19 is provided for each cylinder and acombustion chamber 20 is formed on each side of the bottom 18 andbetween the same and the lnner end of each piston. Each piston has apiston rod 21 preferably guided in the housing 15 so as, to run in theaxial direction of the cylinder Each combustion chamber is provided withan inlet valve, 22 for the combustion gases and an exhaust valve 23 withsuitable conduits, not shown. On the top of the cylinders are shown theusual spark plugs 24 for, igniting the fuel. The valve stems arecontinued downwardly and provided with coil springs 25.130 hold them intheir seats in the cylinders. The valves are actuated from thecrankshaft 26 carried in bearings 27 mounted in the lower part of thehousing 15. A pair of. intermediary shafts 28 carry cams 29 and 30 forthe respective valves 22 and 23 and said shafts are connected to thecrank shaft through a train of gears 31 which, in the present instance,has been indicated as for a four stroke cycle engine. In alinement witheach piston and above the corresponding cams 29 and 30, plungers "32 areslidably mounted in the housing 15 so as to transfer the lifting actionof the cams to the respective valves.

A pitman 35 for each piston is journaled at its inner end as at 36, tothe corresponding crank of the crank shaft 26. The opposite end of each.of the pitmen is bifurcated as at 37 (see Figure and carries a journal38 which, at each end, has a bearing block 39 adapted to slide inguideways 4:0"rigidly mounted on the bottom of the housing 15. A sleeve41 is mounted in the bifurcated end 37 on the journal 38 so as to beable to oscillate on the journal.

A two-arm lever 45 having a lower shank ing portion 18, engages with thelower shank 46 in the sleeve 41 so as to have sliding motion therein.The upper shank 47 runs in a sleeve 49 similar to the sleeve 41 46, anupper shank 47 and a central bearand numnted on a journal provided onthe piston rod Lil so as to be aole to esci late thereon. The bearingportion l8 of the two-arm lever has a transverse hearing: pin 51 whichsupported directly or through the intermediary of suitable blocks in theouter end of a rocking arm This rocking arm is rigidly secured on a stubshaft 53 carried in a bracket 54 secured to the bottom of? the housing15, and on the same stub shaft a shortv arm 55 is also secured. Theoutwardly projecting portion of the bracket 54 has a guide slot 56 inwhich the bearing pin engages and this slot is inclinedupward and may beeither straight or curved. depending on conditions and size or": theengine. The direction of this guide slot has been so selected. that thedistance 1) between the inner ends of. the two pistons, at the turningpoint is constant whether the bearing pin is at the top or at the bottomoi said slot or in any intermediary position. This is for the purpose ofpreserving; the volume of the combustion chamber inde pendently of thelength of the piston stroke.

Both sides of the engine are similarly constructed except that insteadot the short arm pointing upwards, as indicated to the left in Figure l,to the right, a corresponding; ari'n 5'? is pointing; in the oppositedirection to the arm .35 and has an upward extension forming); a handlever 58 for op erating the rocking arms 52. and it connecting link isjournaled to each of the arms and 57. so that the movement of the handlever will he comnnniicated simultaneously to both rocking arms :32 andgive them the same angle ofinovement. At the top of the housing isprovided a ratchet 60 with a. plurality of notches 61 for engaging andholdthe hand lever 58 in ditl'erent angular J .sitions so that. forinstance, in the position indicated in lligure l,' with the hand lcverthrown to the extreme left. the arms are raised to their upper positionholding the bearing pin 51 at the top of the slot 56. In this manner,each upper lever arm a? above the fulcrum point of the pin 51 isshortened. and the lower lever arm 46 below the fulcrum point islengthened. The crank stroke being constant. this will ct t. as aconsequence. a shortening: oi the bite of each pisbn. ll ith the ha dlever 58 swuw to .its othe. .eme position, the parts take the relativepositions indicated in l ure fl: that is to say. with the roclti a rms52 near the horimntal and the bearing pins .31 at the bottom of the.guide slots To .his position, the length of the lever arms to and 457will be reversed, so that the pi."- tons will be permitted to have theirlongest stroke. It will now be seen that with the hand lever in anyintermediary position, any corresponding length of piston stroke meanscan be obtained between the two extremes and in accordance with thenumber of notches G1 on the ratchet 60 this number being" practicallyunlimited.

In Figure 6, a slight modification of the connection between the rockingarms 52 is shown, a train of gears 62 having been interposed between therocking arms 52 which. are simultaneously actuated by means of a cranltor hand wheel 63 on one of the gear shafts.

Instead of dividing the two cylinders by a partition or bottom 18. asindicated in Figure 2, I may remove this partition and form a commoncombustion chamber 65 having the constant length D between the innerends of the two pistons 19. This is particularly suitable forsmallengines and requires only one spark plug and one intake and exhaustvalve instead of two.

It is'evident that many minor modifications in the design may be madewithout departing from the scope of the invention. as, for instance, theconnection between the two-arm lever 4L5 and the piston on the one handand the pitman on the other hand. linstead of the sleeves il and 49, Iform a slot or an open fork at each end of the two arm leverengagingdirectly with the journals 35 and 50 carried by the pitman 255and the piston rod 2]. respectively. '1. he inven-' tion is, oi course.not limited to an engine having only one pair of cylinders which is itssimplest form, but any number of cylinders may be arranged in a similarmanner to suit the requirements presented.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed new is:

1. in an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, 21lZIHDSQTSB central partition in the cylinder, apair 0t pistons withpiston rods in. said. cylinder, a

combustion cl'iainber being; iioi'n'ied between ea h oi? said pistonsand said partition in said. cylinder. a crank shalt, a pitman for eachpistcui having connection with said crank shaft and with the respectivepiston rods. and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons.

21 in an internal combustimi engine haviur." an m en-ended. cylinder. atransverse central partition in the cylinder, :1 pair oi pistons wthpiston rods in said cylinder. a combu 'on chamber being; t med betweeneach of said pis ns and said. partition. in said cylinder. a, crankshafta pitmau for each piston having connection with said crank shaftand with the respective piston rods. and means "for adjusting the strokelength. oi? the pistons while the volume of the combustion chamberremains constant.

3. In an internal combustion engine having an opensended cylinder, atransverse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons withpiston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber l'ieingformed-between each of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder,a crank shaft, a pitman for eachpistonflhaving connection with saidcrank shaft and with the respective piston rods, and means foradjusting". the stroke length of the pistons, said means forming theconnection between said pitmcn and the respective piston rods.

4. In an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, atransverse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons withpiston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed betweeneach of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder, a crank shaft,a pitman for each piston having connection with said crank shaft andwith the respective piston rods, and means for adjusting the strokelength of the pistons, said means comprising two-arm levers havingsliding connection with corresponding pitmen and piston rods, a journalfor each lever, and an adjustable bearing for said journal.

5. In an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, atrans-verse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons withpiston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed betweeneach of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder, a crank shaft,a pitman for each piston having connection with said crank shaft andwith the respective piston rods, and means for adjusting the strokelength of the pistons, said means compris ing two-arm levers havingsliding connection with corresponding pitmen and piston rods, a journalfor each lever, a bearing for said journal. a rock arm supporting saidbearing, and common means for simulta-- neously swinging said rock arms.

6. In an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, atransverse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons withpiston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed betweeneach of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder. a crank shaft,a pitman for each piston having connection with said crank shaft andwith the respective piston rods. and means for adjusting the strokelength of the pistons, said means compris ing t-woarm levers havingsliding connection with corresponding pitinen and piston rods, jou nalfor each lens a he 'ng for said journal, a rock arm. gnorting saidbearing, a guide-way for said bearing, and common means forsimultaneously swinging said rock arms.

7 In an internal combustion engine hav ing a housing, an open-endedcylinder. a transverse central partition in the cylinder. a pair ofpistons Wi h piston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being.formedbetwcen each of said pistons and said 'Jpartition in saidcylinder; a crank shaft, a pitman for each piston rod having connection.with'said crank shaft, guides in said-housing for said piston rods andsaid pitmen, and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons.

8. In an internal combustion engine having a'housing, a pair of axiallyalined cylin-, ders in said housing, said cylinders being closed attheir inner ends, a piston with a piston rod in each cylinder, acombustion chamber being formed between the closed end of the cylinderand the piston in each cylinder; a crank shaft mounted in said housing,a pitman for each piston rod journaled on said crank shaft, guides forsaid piston rods and said pitmen respectively provided in saidhousing; alever for each piston rod having sliding connection respectively withthe piston rod and the corre sponding pitman, a rocking arm for eachlever mounted to oscillate in said housin the free end of said rockingarm constituting the fulcrum bearing for said lever, and means forchanging the angular position of said rocking arms.

9. In an internal combustion engine havmg a housing, a pair of ax allyalined cylindersin said housing, said cylinders being closed at theirinner ends, a piston with a.

piston rod in each cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed betweenthe closed end of the cylinder and the piston in each cylinder; a crankshaft mounted insaid ho'uslng, a pitman for each piston rod journaled onsaid crank shaft, guides for said piston rods and said pitmenrespectively provided in said housing; a lever for each piston rodhaving sliding connection respectively with the piston rod and the conresponding pitman, a rocking arm for each lever mounted to oscillateinsaid housing, the free end of said rocking arm constituting the fulcrumbearing for said lever, a guide-way for each lever-fulcrum provided insaid housing, and means for changingthe position of said lever fulcrumin said guide way.

10. In aninternal combustion engine having a housing, a pair of axiallyalined cylinders in said housing. said cylinders being closed at theirinner ends. a piston with a piston. rod in each cylinder. a combustionchamber being formed between the closed end of the cylinder and thepiston in each cylinder; a crank shaft mounted in said housing, a pitmanfor each piston rod journaled on said crank shaft. guides for saidpiston rods and said pitmen respectively provided in said housing; alever for each piston rod having sliding connection re- SpCt1V6lyW1l hl9 piston rod and the corresponding pitman a rocking arm for each levermounted to oscillate in said housing, the free end of said rocking; armconstituting the fulcrum hearing for said lever, a. guide-way for eachlever fulcrum provided in said housing, and means for changing theposition of said lever fulcrums through the intermediary of said rockingarms, said. means comprising a link connection between said rockingarms, and a hand lever 10 and a ratchet therefor in said housing.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

CALVIN s. SCHOTT. 14. 8.

